Not every university needs to become a research institution, according to Vineet Gupta, co-founder of Ashoka University and Plaksha University. He believes India's higher education system needs to recognise the different purposes of universities instead of pushing every institution to compete for research publications, patents and rankings.

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In an interview, Gupta argued that India's ranking frameworks place considerable weight on research output, encouraging universities to focus on publications and patent filings even when these activities may not produce meaningful academic outcomes. He suggested introducing separate rankings for research-oriented and teaching-focused institutions so universities can be assessed according to their core objectives.

Gupta also highlighted financial sustainability as a major challenge for private universities. Unlike government-funded institutions, private universities largely depend on student fees, philanthropy and other funding sources to support infrastructure, faculty recruitment and academic development.

He warned that the rising cost of higher education is widening the gap between what students pay and the employment opportunities they receive after graduation. According to him, job creation must keep pace with the expansion of higher education, while scholarships and financial support could help improve access.

Artificial intelligence is another major factor shaping universities, with potential applications in teaching, assessment, research and administration. However, Gupta described AI as an enabling tool rather than a replacement for effective academic practices.

He also pointed to challenges affecting India's ambition to attract more international students, including campus accommodation, living conditions, visa delays and limited post-study work opportunities.

Gupta believes India can strengthen its global education position through coordinated policy reforms, better campus infrastructure and institutions that build on their individual strengths rather than simply chasing rankings.