India’s space industry is entering a new phase as private startups build on the legacy of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Supported by decades of space research, a strong manufacturing base and policy reforms, these companies are working to expand the country’s capabilities in rocket launches, satellite manufacturing and space technology.

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For decades, ISRO remained at the centre of India’s space programme, developing launch vehicles and satellites while establishing the country as a competitive player in space exploration. However, the opening of the sector to private participation has created opportunities for startups to develop their own technologies and serve growing global demand.

Skyroot Aerospace is among the companies seeking to establish India’s private launch capabilities. Its Vikram-1 rocket represents the broader ambition of Indian space startups to develop orbital-class launch vehicles and reduce dependence on traditional launch providers. The company’s planned launch from Sriharikota has also drawn attention to the growing role of private players in the country’s space ambitions.

India’s established industrial ecosystem offers these startups access to engineering talent, component manufacturers and production capabilities. Government reforms and the development of institutions supporting private space activity have further helped companies enter a sector once dominated by public organisations.

However, significant challenges remain. Closing gaps in advanced technologies, reliable supply chains and large-scale manufacturing will be crucial for Indian companies seeking to compete internationally. Access to capital, consistent launch opportunities and the ability to deliver services at competitive prices will also influence their growth.

India’s space startups are building on ISRO’s foundation, but their long-term success will depend on turning that advantage into globally competitive products and commercially sustainable businesses.