Israelis on Wednesday observed the third anniversary of the October 7, 2023 Hamas attack, the deadliest assault in the nation’s history, which triggered a devastating military campaign in Gaza.

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The attack left 1,200 people dead and saw 251 hostages taken into Gaza, setting off months of bombardment and ground operations by Israel. According to Gaza health authorities, more than 74,000 people were killed during the subsequent war.

This year’s commemoration carries added significance as it is the first anniversary without any hostages remaining in Gaza. Over the past year, Israel and Hamas conducted multiple prisoner swaps, exchanging hostages for Palestinians held in Israeli jails. The remains of the last Israeli hostage were recovered in January, closing a painful chapter for families.

Memorial services were held across the country, including at Kibbutz Nahal Oz, where female observer soldiers were killed during the initial assault. Soldiers, survivors, and families gathered to honor the victims and reflect on the lasting scars of the conflict.

Despite a year‑old ceasefire intended to halt the war, conditions in Gaza remain dire, with humanitarian agencies warning of ongoing shortages and displacement. For Israelis, the anniversary is both a moment of mourning and a reminder of the fragile peace that continues to shape the region.