People with high blood pressure often focus on taking their prescribed medicines regularly, but some commonly used over-the-counter drugs, prescription medicines and supplements can also affect blood pressure control.
Painkillers known as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including ibuprofen, naproxen and diclofenac, can cause fluid retention and may raise blood pressure, particularly when used frequently. The American Heart Association advises people with hypertension to check with a healthcare professional or pharmacist before using such medicines routinely.
Cold and flu medicines require similar caution. Decongestants such as pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine can raise blood pressure because they constrict blood vessels. The FDA also advises people with high blood pressure to consult a healthcare professional before using nasal decongestants.
Some other medicines, including systemic corticosteroids, certain antidepressants and other prescription drugs, may also affect blood pressure. Sodium-containing medicines are another consideration, as excessive sodium intake can make blood pressure control more difficult.
Supplements labelled “natural” are not automatically safe. The American Heart Association specifically lists licorice, ephedra and stimulant-containing products among substances that may raise blood pressure. High doses of caffeine can also cause temporary increases.
People with hypertension should therefore check medicine labels and discuss over-the-counter drugs or supplements with their doctor or pharmacist, rather than stopping prescribed treatment or avoiding a medicine without professional advice.