Reading may be more than a relaxing way to spend time. Research suggests that regularly engaging with books can support several cognitive abilities, while book clubs may add the benefits of social interaction.

A recent review from the University of Cambridge examined research on reading and other leisure activities and found associations between regular reading and better attention and memory. Mentally stimulating activities were also linked with slower cognitive decline and a lower risk of dementia among older adults.

Reading requires the brain to process language, remember information, understand meaning and connect different ideas. These processes engage skills such as concentration, comprehension, memory and decision-making.

The findings are also connected to the concept of cognitive reserve—the brain’s ability to continue functioning despite age-related changes or other forms of damage. Regular mental stimulation may contribute to maintaining this reserve over time.

Reading can also become a social activity through book clubs and reading groups. Discussing a novel encourages people to interpret ideas, consider different perspectives and communicate with others. These gatherings can also provide opportunities to maintain social relationships and reduce isolation.

However, the research does not establish that reading alone prevents dementia. The reported findings show associations between reading, leisure activities and cognitive outcomes rather than proving direct cause and effect.

For older adults, combining mentally stimulating activities with social engagement may therefore offer a broader approach to maintaining an active lifestyle.